Australian Citizenship
A child born in Australia to at least one Australian permanent resident or citizen parent is automatically entitled to Australian citizenship. Similarly, a child born outside Australia to an Australian citizen parent is also granted automatic citizenship.
After residing lawfully in Australia for four years, including at least the last 12 months as a permanent resident, individuals may apply for Australian citizenship. This process involves attending and passing a citizenship appointment and test, as well as making a pledge before citizenship is officially granted.
It is mandatory for adult Australian citizens to vote in federal, state, and local government elections, and noncompliance may lead to financial penalties. Additionally, Australian citizens are required to use their Australian passport when entering and exiting the country. Australia permits dual citizenship, allowing citizens to hold another nationality simultaneously.